![]() |
Susan CrichtonBSc MA PhD (Sydney, Australia)Associate Professor
|
Doctor of Philosophy: University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 1998
Dissertation Title: Learning Environments Online: A Case Study of Actual Practice
Available from Sydney eScholarship Repository 
Master of Arts: Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia 1993
Thesis Title: Encouraging Online Social Interaction: The Use of Expert Practice
Teaching Credential: California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 1974 – Art, English and Physical Education
Bachelor of Science Degree: California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 1973 – Physical Education Major; Art and English Minors
Appropriate technologies; New media and innovative content development; ICT enhanced learn environments; Digitally enhanced qualitative research methodologies; Teacher preparation; Secondary Language Arts and Humanities; Professional development; K-12 Technology integration; Development; and Social justice
Crichton, S. Pegler, K., & White, D. (In press). Personal devices in public settings: Lessons learned from an iPod Touch / iPad project. Special Issue - Electronic Journal of eLearning (www.ejel.org).
Crichton, S., McCaffrey, & Brown, B. (Spring 2011). Using a SMART board smartly - Considering digital tools for interaction, collaboration and storytelling. Northwest Passage - Journal of Northwest Association of Teacher Educators.
Pegler, K., Kollewyn, J., & Crichton, S. (2010). Generational attitudes and teacher ICT use. Journal of Technology & Teacher Education. 18:3.
Crichton, S. & Kopp, G. (2009). The value of eJournals to support ePortfolio development for assessment in teacher education. Special Issue on ePortfolio and Digital Identity of the Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology. 34:3.
Edmonds, K. & Crichton, S. (2008). Finding ways to teach to students with FASD: A Research Study. Journal of Special Education; 23:1.
Kopp, G. & Crichton, S. (2007). Embedded or linked learning objects: Implications for content development, course design, and classroom use. Canadian Journal Technology and Learning (CJTL), (33, 2).
Smits, H., Wang, H., Towers, J., Crichton, S., Field, J., & Tarr, P. (2005). Deepening understanding of inquiry teaching and learning with e-portfolios in a teacher preparation program. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, (31), 3.
Crichton, S. & Kopp, G. (2006). Multi-media technologies, multiple intelligences, and teacher professional development in an international education project. Innovative Online. http://www.innovateonline.info/pdf/vol2_issue3/Multimedia_Technologies,_Multiple_Intelligences,_and_Teacher_Professional_Development_in_an_International_Education_Project.pdf 
Crichton, S. & Childs, E. (September 2005). Clipping and coding audio files: A research method to enable participant voice. The International Journal of Qualitative Methods. http://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/IJQM/article/view/4439 
Crichton, S. & Kopp, G. (2005). The role of literacy and access to learning in the development of civil society. International Journal of Learning. Volume 11. Melbourne, Australia.
Kinash, S., Crichton, S., & Kim-Rupnow, W. (March 2004). A Review of 2002-2003 literature at the intersection of online learning and disability: Electronic curb-cuts. The American Journal of Distance Education, 18(1).
Crichton, S. & Li, Q. (March/April 2004). Expert practice and the development of learning objects: essential resources for online and distributed education. Educational Technology, 44(2), 37-42.
Crichton, S. & Childs, E. (July / August 2004). Teachers as online educators: requirements for distributed learning and teacher preparation. Educational Technology, 44(4), 25-30.
Crichton, S. (2004, Winter). If I were eighty again ... the power of imovie. AGATE: Journal of Alberta Gifted and Talented Education. Council of the Alberta Teachers' Association, 16(2), 12-16.
Crichton, S. & Kinash, S. (Spring 2003). Virtual ethnography: Interactive interviewing online as method. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 29 (2).
Kinash, S. & Crichton, S. (Spring 2003). Research review. Canadian Journal of Learning Technology (CJLT), 29(1).
Crichton, S. & Kinsel, E. (Spring 2003). Learning plans as support for the development of learner identity: A case study in rural western Canada. Journal of Adult and Continuing Education, 8(2), 213-226.
Crichton, S. & Childs, E. (Fall 2003). Classroom teachers as online educators. The Distance Journal of Alberta Distance Education and Training Association, 12 (3), 14-15, 20
Crichton, S. & LaBonte, R. (April 2003). Innovative practices for innovators: Walking the talk. online training for online teaching. Journal of International Forum of Educational Technology & Society. Special Edition. http://www.ifets.info/journals/6_1/crichton.html 
Crichton, S., & Kinsel, E. (2001). Challenges next door: A case study of learning for life. Journal of Adult & Continuing Education, 7 (1), 46-57.
Crichton, S. (1999) Virtual learning environments. Journal of Online Learning, 10(4)
Crichton, S. (In press). Enabling learning for disabled students: Considering changes in teaching and learning. In M.G. Moore (Ed.). The handbook of distance education. Third Edition. New York: Routledge.
Crichton, S. & Onguko, B. (In press). Appropriate technologies for challenging contexts. In S. Marshall & W. Kinuthia (Eds.). Educational design and technology in the knowledge society. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
Kinash, S. & Crichton, S. (2011). Blended learning internationalization from the commonwealth: An Australian and Canadian collaborative perspective. In Andrea Edmundson (Eds.), Globalized eLearning Cultural Challenges. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
Crichton, S. (2011). Using digital tools in qualitative research – Supporting integrity, simplicity, deep insight and social change. In Carlos Nunes Silva (Ed.), Online research methods in urban and planning studies. Hershey, PA: IGI Global
Nassem, A. & Crichton, S. (2011). Case for the Use of Collaborative Tools for Research, Development and Professional Service. In E. Brown and P. Gibbons (Eds.), International Advances in Education - Volume 2 Ethnicity and Race. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
Onguko, B. Ngatia, S, & Crichton, S. (2011) mLearning: Small technologies - massive contributions. In Sandy Hirtz (Ed.). Education in a Digital World - 2nd Edition. Victoria, BC: Queen’s Printer.
Crichton, S. & Nassem, A. (2011). Blended Work: Exploring action and interaction in international research and development projects. In Sandy Hirtz (Ed.). Education in a Digital World - 2nd Edition. Victoria, BC: Queen’s Printer.
Crichton, S. (2009). Use of Digital Data. In A. Mills, G. Durepos, & E. Wiebe (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Case Study Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Reference.
Crichton, S. (2010). Managing and Sustaining Expectations of Innovative ICT Integration in Development Projects. In W. Kinuthia & S. Marshall (Eds.) Cases'n'Places: Global Cases in Educational Technology. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
Crichton, S. & Shervey, G. (2008). Preservice teacher preparation and effective e-learning. In S. Marshall, W. Kinuthia, & W. Taylor. Bridging the knowledge divide: Education technology for development. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
Li, Q. & Crichton, S. (2008). Modeling the Model: How Experiences in an Online Learning Environment Can Impact Professional Practice? In J. Salmon (Ed.) Handbook of Research on Electronic Collaboration and Organizational Synergy. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
Crichton, S. & Childs, E. (2008). Thinking Along a Continuum of Practice. In Sandy Hirtz (Ed.) Looking Forward – Tales from the Front Line. Vancouver, BC: Commonwealth of Learning.
Yaniv, H. & Crichton, S. (2008). ThinkClick - A Case Study of a Large Group Decision Support System (LGDSS). In Frederic Adam (Ed.). Encyclopedia of Decision Support Technologies. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
Crichton, S. (2008). A Great Wall of Difference: Musings on Instructional Design in Contemporary China. In Michael Keppel (Ed.) Instructional Design: Case Studies in Communities of Practice. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Inc.
Kinash, S. & Crichton, S. (2007). Disability and Distance Education. Chapter in Michael Moore (Ed.) Handbook of Distance Education, 2nd Edition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Crichton, S. & Kopp, G. (2006). Only One Million Teachers to Train. In B. Pasian. Plan to Learn: Case Studies in eLearning Project Management. Canadian eLearning Enterprise Alliance (CeLEA).
Crichton, S. & Kopp, G. (2006). Planning with a Million in Mind. In B. Pasian. Plan to Learn: Case Studies in eLearning Project Management. Industry Canada.
Crichton, S. (2005). When Just Enrolling Is Not Enough: A Case for Intentional Learning Plans. In S. Marshall, W. Taylor, & X. Yu (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Developing Regional Communities with Information and Communication Technology. London: Idea Group Reference.
Gibbons, P., Crawford, K., Crichton, S., & Fitzgerald, R. (2000). Cognitive development in ICT contexts. In D. Watson & T. Downes (Eds.), Communications and Networking in Education: Learning in a Networked Society (pp. 221-230). Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Doctor of Philosophy - University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 1998Dissertation Title: Learning Environments Online: A Case Study of Actual Practice. Available from Sydney eScholarship Repository 
Master of Arts - Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia 1993Thesis Title: Encouraging Online Social Interaction: The Use of Expert Practice
Ngatia, S., Crichton, S., Onguko, B., & Njura, A. (July 2009). Exploring the Actual Use of ICT in Challenging Contexts in East Africa Schools. Conference Report - Aga Khan University Roundtable II.
Crichton, S. & Yaniv, H. (2007). Emerging Technologies in the 21st Century: 1:1 technologies in the Grade 5/6 classroom. Calgary Board of Education and Alberta Education.
Crichton, S., Pegler, K., & White, D. (2006 – present). Emerging Technologies in the 21st Century: Wireless Local Area Networks and Mobile Devices. Calgary Board of Education and Alberta Education.
Crichton, S. & Brown, B. (Fall 2006 – Spring 2011). WLAN & Mobile Devices & Technology Leadership: Development of the Calgary Catholic Technology Leadership Program (TLP) and Technology Learning Center (TLC). Calgary Catholic Board.
Crichton, S., Wenbin, H., Hongwei, M., Qiong, W., & Spohr, C. (September 2006). Final Report of Findings and Recommendations on Improving Basic Education in Underdeveloped Areas through ICT. Developed under TA 3958-PRC, in cooperation with and under guidance from the Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China (TA Executing Agency). Complete with annexes and tool kits.
Crichton, S., Wenbin, H., Hongwei, M., Qiong, W., & Spohr, C. (September 2006). Focused Synopsis of Findings and Recommendations on Improving Basic Education in Underdeveloped Areas through ICT. Developed under TA 3958-PRC, in cooperation with and under guidance from the Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China (TA Executing Agency).
Crichton, S. & Kopp, G. (July 2004). Embedded or Linked Learning Objects: Implications for Content Development, Course Design, and Classroom Use. Report Produced for Alberta Learning (contract # 2004-0477).
Crichton, S. & Smith, R. (Sept. 2003). Online Learning in Alberta: Sustainability Factors. Report for Alberta Learning.
LaGrange, A. & Crichton, S. (2009). Implementing Case Studies as a Pedagogical Approach. Annette LaGrange and Susan Crichton. Workshop materials for Institute of Educational Development - Aga Khan University (IED-EA), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
ICT for Teaching and Learning. (2008). HTLM resources developed for Aga Khan University IED – Tanzania.
ICT for Teaching and Learning. (2009). HTLM resources developed for Universidad Catholica del Maula, Chile.
Design and supervision of development of Strengthening Capacity for Basic Education in Western China (SCBEWC) distance education platform. (2006 – present) SCBEWC is a program under a Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) grant. Working collaboratively with Northwest University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Peking University, Beijing, PRC. Platform will support professional development activities for 10 million teachers in the PRC. Professional development courses for SCBEWC project available via IP satellite system within PRC or from http://cida.ncet.edu.cn/
Workshop Materials for Classroom Observation Using Digital Documentation. (2005) Prepared for Asian Development Bank (ADB) – TA 3958-PRC.
Pegler, K., Crichton, S. White, D. & Parker, B. (Spring 2011). M-powered learning and student engagement. Edmonton, AB: The College of Alberta School Superintendents (CASS).
White, D., Crichton, S, & Pegler, K. (June 2010). Is your school ready for mobile learning? Calgary, AB: Calgary Board of Education.
Crichton, S., Slater, C. & Pegler, K. (Fall 2010). Understanding teacher technology use by generation, knowledge and career cycle. Alberta Teachers' Association Magazine. http://www.teachers.ab.ca/Publications/ATA Magazine/Volume-91/Number-1/Pages/Understanding-Teaching-Technology-Use.aspx
Crichton, S. (2009). eCollaboration. Invited submission in MindShare Learning Report. http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs092/1101987119773/archive/1102038557241.html
Wang, C., Towers, J., Smits, H., Crichton, S., Tarr, P., Field, J. & Kopp, G. University of Calgary's Master of Teaching Launched E-portfolio Project. The Distance: Journal of Alberta Distance Education, Vol. 14, Issue 3. Alberta Distanced Education and Training Association.
Crichton, S. & Childs, E. (Fall 2003). Classroom Teachers as Online Educators. The Distance: Journal of Alberta Distance Education and Training Association, 12 (3), 14-15,20
Crichton, S. (April 2003). Writing To Go: Appropriate Tools for Appropriate Tasks. Learning Technology Newsletter, IEEE Learning Technology Task Force.
Crichton, S. & Jacobsen, M. (Winter/Spring 2003). Exploring Technology Integration in Field Experience. Fieldnotes, University of Calgary, Faculty of Education MT Program Newsletter.
Crichton, S., & Kinsel, E. (2002, Fall). Communities in Transition: Technology as a tool for change. Education Canada.
Crichton, S. (2004). E-moderating: The Key to Teaching and Learning Online. [Review of the book E-moderating: The Key to Teaching and Learning Online]. Educational Review, http://edrev.asu.edu/reviews
Crichton, S. (2004). Global Discovery Activities for the Elementary Grades. [Review of the book Global Discovery Activities for the Elementary Grades]. Educational Review, http://edrev.asu.edu/reviews
Crichton, S. (November, 2003). Teacher Education Through Open and Distance Learning. [Review of the book Teacher Education Through Open and Distance Learning]. International Electronic Journal for Leadership in Learning, http://www.ucalgary.ca/~iejll/volume7/crichton.html
Crichton, S. (2003). Education for the Twenty-first Century [Review of the book Education for the Twenty-first Century]. Educational Review, http://edrev.asu.edu/reviews/rev221.htm
Crichton, S. (2003). Education in the Twenty-first Century [Review of the book Education in the Twenty-first Century]. Educational Review, http://edrev.asu.edu/reviews/rev216.htm
Crichton, S. (2002). Director in the Classroom [Review of the book The Director in the Classroom: How Filmmaking Inspires Learning]. International Electronic Journal for Leadership in Learning, http://www.ucalgary.ca/~iejll/ Volume 5, 2001
Crichton, S. (2002). Joint Curriculum Design [Review of the book Joint Curriculum Design: Facilitating Learner Ownership and Active Participation in Secondary Classrooms]. Educational Review, http://edrev.asu.edu/reviews/rev159.htm.
Crichton, S. (2001). Technology, Teaching, and Learning [Review of the book Technology, Teaching and Learning: Issues in the Integration of Technology]. Educational Review, http://edrev.asu.edu/reviews/rev159.htm
Crichton, S. Pegler, K. & White, D. (Submitted). Learning with mobile technologies. Canadian Society for the Study of Education (CSSE). Wilfred Laurier University . University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario.
Lagrange, A., Crichton, S., & Bosetti, L. (Submitted). Practice matters: Implementing change in teacher education. Canadian Society for the Study of Education (CSSE). Wilfred Laurier University . University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario.
* Lagrange, A., Crichton, S., & Bosetti, L. (Accepted). Looking forward, looking back. Self-study directs our gaze. Herstmonceux IX: Extending Inquiry Communities: Illuminating Teacher Education through Self-study. Castle Conference, UK.
* Onguko, B. & Crichton, S. (Accepted). Making significant change through appropriate technology in rural Kenya. Annual Conference of American Educational Research Association (AERA) - Vancouver, BC.
* Onguko, B. & Crichton, S. (July 2011). Deploying simple technologies powered by solar for teacher learning. International Conference on Education. Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
* Crichton, S., Pegler, K., & White, D. (June 2011). Personal devices in public settings - Lessons learned from an iPod Touch / iPad project. International Conference on eLearning (ICEL 2011). UBC Okanagan, Kelowna, BC.
* White, D., Crichton, S., & Pegler, K. (June 2011). Learning with mobile technologies: Rethinking teacher practice through work flow. ISTE 2011. Philadelphia, PA.
Crichton, S., Moorman, L., & Onguko, B. (May 2011). If sugar cubes are the bricks, what size is the palm tree? CSSE 2011, University of New Brunswick.
Crichton, S., Pegler, K. & White, D. (May 2011). Personalizing learning: iPod Touch devices in K-12 Classrooms. CSSE 2011, University of New Brunswick.
* Crichton, S., Wali, & Kiragu, S. (May 2011). Developing and using local media to enhance understanding, contextual relevance, and capacity building. eLearning Africa. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
* LaGrange, A., Crichton, S., & Tarr, P. (January 2011). Documentation as a research strategy for self-study. Hawaii International Conference on Education. Honolulu, HI.
* Kinash, S., Crichton, S., & McAvoy, M. (November 2010). Blended Learning through the Commonwealth. IADIS International Conference on International Higher Education 2010, Perth, Australia.
* Crichton, S. & Onguko, B. (November 2010). Colorboard - Product and process to enable quality education for all. (November, 2010). Commonwealth of Learning PCF 6, Indira Gandhii University, India.
* Crichton, S. & Nassem, A. (Oct. 28, 2010). Simple, appropriate technologies to develop and support contextually relevant content and pedagogy. Transforming pedagogies: Emerging contexts and texts of teacher education. Aga Khan University, Karchi, Pakistan (my participation via Elluminate).
Slater, C., Crichton, S. & Pegler, K. (June 2010). Understanding Teacher Technology Use and Professional Development Needs - Phase Three Findings. CSSE - Montreal, Quebec.
* Crichton, S., Slater, C. & Pegler, K. (April 2010). Understanding Teacher Technology Use and Professional Development Needs by Generation, Knowledge and Career Cycle. AERA - Denver, CO.
* LaGrange, A. & Crichton, S. (January 2010). Documentation as a Teaching and Learning Strategy to Enhance Education in East Africa. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii International Conference on Education.
* Crichton, S. & Onguko, B. (November 2008). Juggling Tools, Tasks, and Technologies for the Best Pedagogical Fit. Invited speaker for eLearning Seminar 2008: Sharing Practices and Exploring Potential. Hosted by Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Crichton, S. & LaGrange, A. (June 2008). e-Portfolios in Teacher Education, CSSE Annual Conference, UBC, Vancouver, BC.
* Yaniv, H. & Crichton, S. (June 2008). S-AI-L: Simulated, Adventure Intelligent, Learning: An Instructional Design Mode, International Association for the Scientific Knowledge (IASK TL 2008), Aveiro, Portugal.
* Crichton, S. & Kopp, G. (May 2008). The Value of eJournals to Support ePortfolio Development for Assessment in Teacher Education. Annual Meeting of AERA. New York.
* The Introduction of e-Journals and e-Portfolios As Support for Reflection and Inquiry in a Two Year, Teacher Preparation Program. Hawaii International Conference on Education. Honolulu, HI, January 6 - 9, 2008.
* A Case for NOT Transcribing Audio and Video Content. Hawaii International Conference on Education. Honolulu, HI, January 6 - 9, 2008.
* Crichton, S. & Shervey, G. (September 2007). Clipping And Coding Digital Files: A Research Method To Enable Participant Voice, 8th Advances In Qualitative Methods Conference - AQM, University Of Alberta - Banff Centre, Alberta.
* Kinash, S. & Crichton, S. (September 2007). Digital Filmmaking As An Expression Of Epistemological Stance. 8th Advances In Qualitative Methods Conference - AQM, University Of Alberta - Banff Centre, Alberta.
* Edmonds, K. & Crichton, S. (April 2007). Finding Ways to Teach to Students with FASD: A Research Study. Annual Meeting of AERA: The World of Educational Quality.
Kopp, G, Crichton, S. Tarr, P., Hodges, Y., & Towers, J. (May 2007). Using e-Portfolios and e-Journals to Encourage Reflection and Support Inquiry Based Teaching and Learning. CSSE Annual Conference, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
Strengthening Inquiry and Assessment through Technology: The Use of e-Portfolios in Teacher Education – The Perspective of the Teaching / Learning Triad. Feb. 21 – 23, 2007. 29th McGraw-Hill Ryerson, National Teaching, Learning & Technology Conference.
Crichton, S., Hosges, Y., Franks, K, & O’Rourke, E. (February 2007). Strengthening Inquiry and Assessment through Technology: The Use of e-Portfolios in Teacher Education. WestCAST, Faculty of Education. Winnipeg, MB: University of Manitoba.
* Making the Intangible Tangible: International Practices with Digital Documentation and Classroom Observation. Presentation and Proceedings. Hawaii International Conference on Education. Honolulu, HI, January 6 - 9, 2007.
* Tarr, P. & Crichton, S. (November 2006). Wired Learning. International Conference on Teacher Education. Calgary, Alberta.
* Crichton, S. & Shervey, G. (October 2006). Preparing Teachers to Facilitate Blended Learning. 4th Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning (PCF4). Jamaica.
* Yaniv, H. & Crichton, S. (July 2006). Imagine a School Where Learning is Fun. 4th International Conference on Imagination and Education. Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia.
Crichton, S. & Shervey, G. (March 2006). Changing Practice: Reflections on Task Design and Delivery. Canadian Council on Learning. 21st Century Learning Initiative. Vancouver, BC: Simon Fraser University.
* Crichton, S. & Childs, E. (February 2006). Clipping and Coding Audio Files: A Research Methodology to Enable Participant Voice. The Sixth International Interdisciplinary Conference, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
* Virtual Ethnography: Interactive Interviewing Online As Method. February 17 -20, 2005, The Sixth International Interdisciplinary Conference, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
Shervey, G. & Crichton, S. (February 2005). E-Practicum for Pre-Service Teachers: Lessons Learned and Future Plans. West CAST. University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
* Crichton, S. & Childs, E. (November 2004). The Impact of Online Professional Development on Teaching Practice: Research Summary and Final Results. E-Learn 2004 - World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Heathcare, and Higher Education. Washington, DC.
* Mobile Learning Lab and Literacy. Eleventh International Literacy and Education Research Network Conference on Learning. Havana, Cuba: Cojímar Pedagogical Convention Centre. June 27 - 30, 2004.
* Kinsel, E. & Crichton, S. (June 2004). Learning Plans: Intentional Support for Lifelong Learning. Lifelong Learning Conference: Lifelong Learning: Whose Responsibility and What is Your Contribution? Yeppoon, Queensland, Australia.
Crichton, S. & Childs, E. (June 2004). Online Professional Development for Online Educators: Does It Change Teaching Practice? CADE: IT 2004 Conference: Pioneers in a New Age. York University, Toronto, Ontario.
Childs, E. & Crichton, S (June 2004). Requirements of Teachers as Online Educators: Distributed Learning & Teacher Preparation. CADE: IT 2004 Conference: Pioneers in a New Age. York University, Toronto, Ontario.
* Crichton, S. & Kopp, G. (May 2004). Multi-media Technologies, Multiple Intelligences, and Teacher Professional Development in an International Education Project. International Conference of Multiple Intelligences Theory and Application and the Third Annual Conference of Discovery in China (DIC). Beijing, PRC.
* Li, Q. & Crichton, S. (February 2004). Expert Practice and the Development of Learning Objects: Essential Resources for Online and Distributed Education. 21st ICDE World Conference on Open Learning and Distance Education: Lifelong Learning in the Networked World. Hong Kong.
* Crichton, S. Kopp, G. & Childs, E. (November 2003). Building E-Learning Architectures: Reconsidering the Structure of Distributed Learning Environments To Span the Digital Divide. E-Learn 2003 - World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education. Phoenix, AZ.
* Childs, E. & Crichton, S. (November 2003). Online Professional Development for Online Educators: Does It Change Teaching Practice? E-Learn 2003 - World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education. Phoenix, AZ.
* Jacobsen, M. & Crichton, S. (October 2003). Student Teachers and Filmmaking: Representing Understandings Through Multiple Literacies. Association for Educational Communications & Technology's Surfing New Waves: Leadership & Technology International Convention. Anaheim, CA.
Akins, M. & Crichton, S. (July 2003). GPS / GIS: Accurately Locating Learning in the Grade 6 Curriculum. NECC 2003, Seattle, WA.
* Crichton, S. & Kopp, G. (June 2003). The Potential of Distributed Learning Environment in the Development of Civil Society. International Conference: Building the Information Commonwealth: Information Technologies and Prospects for Development of Civil Society Institutions in the Countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
* Crichton, S. & Kinsel, E. (April 2003). Reflections on Failure: Attempts to Scale Innovations. AERA Conference, Chicago, Illinois.
* Crichton, S. & Childs, E. (March 2003). Online Professional Development for Online Educators: Does It Change Teaching Practice? Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education (SITE) Conference, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
* Crichton, S. & Kinsel, E. (June 2002). The Importance of Self and Development of Identity in Learning. International Lifelong Learning Conference, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland.
* Crichton, S., Gibbons, P. & Crawford, K. (May 2002). Using Technology for Social Engagement of the Aged. Symposium Presentation, Shaping the Network Society: Patterns for Participation, Action and Change. Seattle, Washington.
Crichton, S. & LaBonte, R. (May 2002). Alternatives within the Public System. Session E-Learning as School Choice. School Choice: Public Education at a Crossroads. Calgary, Alberta.
* Crichton, S. & Kinsel, E. (June 2001). Challenges Next Door: A Case Study of Learning for Life. International Perspectives Conference, Glasgow Caladonian University, Glasgow, Scotland.
* Crichton, S. & Kinsel, E. (March 2000). Communities in Transition - Technology as a Catalyst for Change. International Conference on Learning with Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.
* Gibbons, P., Crawford, K, & Crichton, S. (July 1998). The Dynamics of Cognition in the Design and use of Virtual Learning Environments. Paper presentation at International Congress of Applied Psychology, San Francisco, CA.
McCaffrey, J. & Crichton, S. (February 2011). A Smartboard project: Technology in a Reggio Inspired Environment. Calgary Teachers' Convention.
Crichton, S. & Onguko, B. (February 1, 2011). Implementing mobile technologies. eCampusAlberta Online PD. Via Elluminate.
Crichton, S., Onguko, B., Naseem, A., & Hennessey, S. (August 2010). Enhancing pedagogy at IED-EA using ICT. Shifting directions for educational development. International Round Table. Aga Khan University: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Onguko, B. & Crichton, S. (August 2010). Re-engineering learning in East Africa: ColorBoard an emerging learning process. International Round Table. Aga Khan University: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Walli, S., LaGrange, A., & Crichton, S. (August 2010). Training Teachers for Tanzania’s Children. International Round Table. Aga Khan University: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Kinsel, E. & Crichton, S. (April 22, 2010). exe for content development. 21st Century Learning and Sharing Online Conference, British Columbia, Canada.
Crichton, S., Naseem, A., & Onguko, B. (April 22, 2010). International perspectives on eLearning on 3 continents. 21st Century Learning and Sharing Online Conference, British Columbia, Canada.
Pegler, K., Slater, C., & Crichton, S. (February 2010). Integrating laptops into teacher practice - Why the Notion of Digital Immigrants / Digital Natives is Just so Wrong in Teaching and Learning. Calgary Teachers' Convention.
Crichton, S., Onguko, B., Naseem, A., Wamate, L., & Hennessey, S. ICT Team Report. (August 2009). International Round Table. Aga Khan University: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
ICT to enhance training in an NGO content. CAWST Learning Exchange. Calgary, Canada. July 2009.
Invited "Reaction Panelist" for Symposium '07, Distributed Learning In The 21st Century: Shaping The Future Of Learning, Edmonton, 2007 October.
Crichton, S. & Pegler, K. (November 2009). One to one Teacher Laptop Project. Jurisdiction Technology Event. Edmonton, AB: Alberta Learning.
Crichton, S. & Pegler, K. (October 2007). Impact of Generational Attitudes on teachers' ICT Use. ADETA: Distributed Learning in the 21st Century: Shaping the Future of Learning. Edmonton, Alberta.
Meyers, G., Bush, Tworek, J., Montgomery, Ledgerwood, Strople, Henderson, E., Crichton, S. (May 2006). Hand Hygiene: Using an Interactive Approach to Learning and Behaviour Change CHICA-Canada (Community and Hospital Infection Control Association of Canada). London, Ontario.
Crichton, S. & Kopp, G. (2006). Impact of Theory on Practice. Innovate. Webcast.
Digital Video. (February 2006). Calgary City Teachers' Convention. Calgary, Alberta.
SAGE 2006 – Youth Strand of Conference. Full day iMOVIE workshop. Twenty students – ages 6 – 12 and 4 MT Students.
Crichton, S. & Kopp, G. (June 2006). Interactive Learning Supported by Digital Video. Presentation and Workshop. Community and Hospital Infection Control Association of Canada - CHICA Canada. Calgary, Alberta.
Clipping and Coding Audio and Video Files: A Research Method to Enable Participant Voice. Research Dialogues. Faculty of Nursing. University of Calgary, January 26, 2006.
Use of Digital Content to Enable Participant Voice. Presentation at Peking University, Beijing, China, November 2005.
Engaging Students in Research. Panel Discussion - Ethics in Research Involving Students as Participants. Mount Royal College, Calgary, Alberta, December 2005.
Shervey, G. & Crichton, S. (November 2004). E-Practicum for Pre-Service Teachers: Lessons Learned & Future Plans. Alberta Online Symposium. Alberta Online Consortium. Edmonton, AB.
Crichton, S. & Childs, E. (April 2004). Time for Online Practicum: Question or Statement? BCED Online Conference: Connecting Online Communities. Vancouver, BC.
Online Address for BC Distance Education Schools Consortium. Considering a Shift in Instructional Design for DE. Elluminate Online Session. April 15, 2004.
Thinking About Practice. Two Day Workshop - Distance Education School of the Kootenays, Nelson, BC. May 17 - 18, 2004.
Crichton, S., Faber, C. & Savill, W. (November 2003). Time for Online Practicum: Question or Statement? Seventh Annual Online Learning Symposium, Edmonton, Alberta.
Childs, E. & Crichton, S. (November 2003). Online Professional Development: Does It Make a Difference? Seventh Annual Online Learning Symposium, Edmonton, Alberta.
LaBonte, R. & Crichton, S. (November 2003). Enhancing Expertise Online: Creating Legacy Learning Objects ~ Virtually! Seventh Annual Online Learning Symposium, Edmonton, Alberta.
Akins, M. & Crichton, S. (May 2003). Geography in the Field - Using GIS / GPS for Curriculum Integration. Alberta Teachers' Association Computer Conference, Jasper, Alberta.
Crichton, S. & Green, T. (November 2003). Beyond the How To: iMovies in the Primary Grades. Early Childhood Education Council Conference 2003, Calgary, AB.
Crichton, S. & LaBonte, R. (May 2003). Enhancing Expertise Online: Creating Legacy Learning Objects Virtually! Making IT Work Conference for BC4, UBC, Vancouver, BC.
A Case for Self-Paced Learning. Invited Speaker. Learning Disabilities Association of Alberta Provincial Conference, Calgary, Alberta, November 2002.
MacLachlan, D. & Crichton, S. (October 2002). Preparing Educators for Active Online Learning Environments. Sixth Annual Online Learning Symposium, Edmonton, Alberta.
Recognizing Self Before Student. Workshop presentation at Bow Valley College's Professional Development Day, Life Long Learning, Calgary, Alberta, March 2002.
Small Technologies with Big Potential: Lessons Learned from Colleagues in Challenging Contexts. International Conference on eLearning (ICEL 2011). UBC Okanagan, Kelowna, BC June 27 - 29, 2011.
Appropriate technologies in challenging contexts. (July 2011). Apple Distinguished Educators Institute. Vancouver, BC.
Crichton, S., Pegler, K., & White, D. (July 2011). Findings from the iPad Touch / iPad research study. Apple Distinguished Educators Institute. Vancouver, BC.
Norman, D. & Crichton, S. (June 2011). Thinking beyond the LMS. The 6th International blended learning conference. Hatfield: UK and via Elluminate: University of Hertfordshire's Learning & Teaching Institute.
Musings on iMEDIA: Exploring Reggio Fundamentals Through a Technological Lens. (April 2010). Calgary Reggio Network Association & NAREA Conference.
Crichton, S. & Kopp, G. (May 2009). Openness and Being Nimble. Faculty of Social Work - eLearning Institute. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary.
Framing the framework - Exactly what are we blending in blended learning? Oct. 14, 2009. Conference Board of Canada. Calgary, Canada.
Crichton, S., Webber, C. & Moorman, L. (March 2008). Rethinking that "e" in eLearning. Centre for Leadership in Learning (CLL) Dinner Lecture, Calgary, AB: University of Calgary.
Crichton, S. & Kopp, G. (June 2007). Technology Innovations for support of Adult Learning in Health Care. Community and Hospital Infection Control Association of Canada - CHICA Canada. Edmonton, AB.
Considering Preservice Teachers: Expanding Your Community. (April 2004).BCED Online Conference: Connecting Online Communities. Vancouver, BC.
Virtual Learning & Virtual Schools: Considering Education for the Future. (November 2003). Rozsa Centre Great Hall, University of Calgary.
NIS Institute 2003 - The Role of ICT in Whole School Change. (October 2003). SchoolNet Network of Innovative Schools, Fifth Annual Conference. Calgary, AB
Invited Plenary Round Table Participant. Making IT Work Conference for BC4, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC. May 2003.
Building a New Box - Designing a Learning Environment to Support Changed Practice. (May 2002). Sharing IT Conference presented by BC4 and BCEDL, Kelowna, BC.
How E-Learning Is Changing K-12 Education. Invited Panelist for Learning Week Live. March 27, 2002.
Preaching to the Converted. - Instructional Design Workshop. British Columbia online Teachers and Administrators – Online presentation (Elluminate). October 2001
| Year Awarded | Role | Project Title | Funding Organization |
| 2009 – 2011 | Researcher | Digital Citizenship: Enabling Personalization through Handheld Mobile Learning (iPod and iPad devices) | Alberta Education & Calgary Board of Education (CBE) |
| 2009 – 2011 | Co-Researcher | Developing Technological Solutions for Challenges Facing International Development | Imperial Oil – STEM |
| 2007 – 2009 | Co-Researcher | Pedagogical Documentation Inquiry Project | Alberta Teachers’ Association |
| 2008 | Co-Researcher | Implementing the ePortfolio Project | University Teaching & Learning Funding Committee |
| 2007 | Co-Researcher | Implementing the ePortfolio Project | University Teaching & Learning Funding Committee |
| 2006 | Co-Researcher | Emerging Technologies in the 21st Century: Wireless Local Area Networks & Mobile Devices | Alberta Education & CBE |
| 2006 | Co-Researcher | WLAN & Mobile Devices & Technology Leadership: Development of the Calgary Catholic Technology Leadership Program (TLP) & Technology Learning Centre (TLC) | Alberta Education Calgary Catholic Board |
| 2006 | Co-Researcher | SSHRC Development Grant with Dr. Shelley Kinash | U of C |
| 2005 - 2006 | Chair – Research Team | Strengthening Inquiry & Assessment through Technology: The Use of e-Portfolios in Teacher Education | Alberta Education Inquiry Based Teaching & Learning Grants (U of C) |
| 2005 | Chair – Research Team | Inquiry & blended Learning Course Development | Teaching & Learning Centre – University of Calgary |
| 2004 | Researcher | Distributed Learning & the MT Program – From Theory to Practice | MT3 Imperial Oil |
| 2005 | Co-Researcher | … I’ll Be a Better Teacher | MT3 Imperial Oil |
| 2005 | Co-Researcher | Making Connections: Linking children, Teachers, & Cultures Around the World | University Internationalization Grant |
| 2005 | Co-Researcher | The Researching Teacher: An International Centre for Connecting Teachers, Students, Children, Faculty, & Research | MT3 Imperial Oil |
| 2004 | Researcher | Investigating Embedded or Linked Learning Objects | Alberta Education |
| 2004 | Researcher | Online Learning | MT3 Imperial Oil |
| 2003 | Researcher | SSHRC Development grant | U of C & Faculty of Education |
| 2003 – present | Co-researcher / participant | Strengthening Capacity for Basic Education in Western China – Joint project with PR China, CIDA, University of Alberta, Athabasca university, & Alberta Learning | Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) |
| 2002 – 2004 | Co-Researcher | Learning-To-Go, Knowing Exactly Where I Am Going (GPS & GIS in the Classroom) | Alberta Teachers’ Association – AACES Grant |
| 2002 - 2005 | Researcher | Distributed Learning Options in Alberta & British Columbia | Research Excellence Envelop – Faculty of Education |
| 2002 | Co-Researcher | SSHRC Development Grant with Dr. Michele Jacobsen | University of Calgary |
| 2002 | Researcher | Online Professional Development – Does It Make A Difference? | University of Calgary |
| 2002 | Researcher | Conference Travel to 2nd International Conference on Lifelong Learning | University of Calgary |
| 2002 | Researcher | Investigation of Mobile Distributed Learning Opportunities for International Initiatives | Faculty of Education |
| 2002 | Co-Researcher | Distributed Learning & the MT Program | MT3 Imperial Oil |
| 2002 | Co-Researcher | Learning-To-Go, Knowing Exactly Where I Am Going | MT3 Imperial Oil |
| 2002 | Research | University Travel Grant | U of C |
| Degree | Number of Students |
| MEd (Campus) | 8 |
| MEd (Distance) | 7 |
| PhD | 3 |
| EdD (Campus) | 1 |
| EdD (Distance) | 3 |
| Degree | Number of Students |
| MEd (Campus) | 16 |
| MEd (Distance) | 14 |
| PhD (co-supervised) | 2 |
| EdD. (Distance) | 1 |
| Degree | Number of Students |
| PhD | 11 |
| EdD | 11 |
| Degree | Number of Students |
| PhD | 5 |
| EdD | 2 |
| Degree | Number of Students |
| Candidacy | 32 |
| Doctoral Thesis | 11 |
| Master Thesis | 6 |
| Master Thesis (External) | 3 |
| MEd Exit | 14 |
| International MEd | 10 |
EDUC 521: Readings and Discourse in Education: Specialized Studies
EDST 499: Summer Institute in Education - Technology and Sustainable Development
EDTP 506: Case - Humanities
EDTP 512: Special Topics - Integrating Technology Across the Curriculum
EDTP 510: Field – Elementary PRAXIS
EDTP 510: Field – Secondary PRAXIS
EDTP 512: Special Topics - Distributed Learning: Teaching and Learning Online
EDTP 510: Teaching Across Borders (http://educ.ucalgary.ca/upe/teaching_across_borders)
EDER 675: Principles of Instructional Development
EDER 677: Telecommunications in Education
EDER 677: Distributed Teaching and Learning
EDER 679.05: Technology and Society
EDER 679.15: Inquiry into Digital Filmmaking
EDER 679.15: Inquiry Into Digital Content
EDER 679.91: Learning with Technology: Independent Studies with Individual Students
EDER 779.03: Tech Enabled Learning Environments
Workshop facilitator - Preparing your courses for blended learning. Aga Khan University – Institute for Educational Development, Karachi, Pakistan. With Aza Naseem. September 16 - October 2, 2011
Visiting Lecturer – Faculty of Education – University of Cambridge – New technologies for engaged teaching and research. November 22 – December 1, 2010.
Aga Khan University – Institute for Educational Development, Eastern Africa (AGK-IED-EA). ED 521: ICT in Education. Co-taught with Azra Naseem and Brown Onguko. November 2010 - March 2011.
Visiting Lecturer – Faculty of Education – University of Cambridge – New technologies for engaged teaching and research. November 22 – December 1, 2010.
Aga Khan University – Institute for Educational Development, Eastern Africa (AGK-IED-EA). ED 521: ICT in Education. Co-taught with Azra Naseem and Brown Onguko. November 2010 - March 2011.
University of Calgary – Faculty of Education – Assistant Dean – Graduate Division of Educational Research (Academic Year 2007 – 2008); Graduate Coordinator (2010); Graduate Director (2010 – 2011); Educational Technology Specialization Coordinator (2007 – 2008).
Arrow Lakes School District #10, New Denver, British Columbia (1997 – 2001*)
Positions held: Secondary Art teacher, site manager for an Alternative Education Center for students ages 12 -80; vice-principal.
Arrow Lakes School District #10, New Denver, British Columbia (1992 – 1996*)
Positions held: Director of Instruction (Technology Implementation); Teacher – Art, English, Desktop Publishing
Arrow Lakes School District #10, New Denver, British Columbia (1980 – 1991*)
Positions held: English and Art teacher; school librarian * gaps in teaching reflect time spent completing graduate work
Cochrane High School, Cochrane, Alberta (1978 – 1979)
Positions held: Social Studies teacher; volleyball coach
Orange County Unified School District, Orange, California (1976 – 1977)
Positions held: Resource Specialist – Multicultural Education
Bamaga and Mornington Island Schools, Queensland, Australia (1975 –1976)
Positions held: Art and English teacher in two remote, northern Aboriginal reserves; basketball and track coach
Garey High School, Pomona, California (1974 –1975)
Positions held: Art teacher and softball coach
University of Calgary, Students' Union Teaching Excellence Award Honourable Mention – Spring 2007 (Nominated four times previously)
Marshall McLuhan Distinguished Teaching Award (1991) Awarded for innovative curriculum development for computer use in school applications
Canadian Computer Teacher of the Year – Toshiba Canada and Computers in Education Magazine (1991)
National Award by National Institute – Canadian Centre for Creative Technology (1990) “Unfolding Technology: Origami, Computers, and Learning”
Programme Committee for International Conference on eLearning (ICEL) 2012
Elected Advisory Search Committee – Dean for the Faculty of Law. Fall 2010
Appointed University of Calgary Senate 2007 – 2009
Member of the Honours Committee - University of Calgary Senate 2007 – 2009
Elected Faculty of Education Representative to Senate 2009 – 2011
Appointed member of Faculty of Education Executive 2007 – 2009
Member Internationalization Committee - Faculty of Education 2007 – 2008
Elected member of General Faculties Council 2003 – 2009
Educational Technology Specialization Coordinator – November 2005 – 2007
Faculty of Education Representative to Alberta Learning’s School Technology Advisory Council (STAC) – 2003 to 2007
Academic Advisory Selection Committee, Science Education, Faculty of Education 2002
Academic Advisory Selection Committee, Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education 2003
Elected member of Academic Advisory Selection Committee, Associate Dean – Teacher Preparation, Faculty of Education 2003
Student Academic Appeals Committee – Participated in an Appeal Hearing 2002
Gallagher – Galileo Fellowship Scholarship Committee 2002
Faculty of Education Representative to CFI Planning with Arctic Institute of North America – 2002
Faculty of Education Representative to Engineering Faculty 2003
Member of Semester Two - Teacher Preparation Program - Revision Team 2003
Teaching Excellence Committee Winter 2005
External reviewer for Qatar National Research Fund. Qatar Foundation. 2010
External reviewer for promotion - lecturer to senior lecture - Faculty of Education - Cambridge University
External thesis examiner for Aga Khan University - Institute of Educational Development 2009 - present
Journal of Interactive Learning Environment
AERA proposals 2003 - present
External examiner for tenure and promotion - Faculty of Social Work - 2009
Publication - Case'n'Places book 2008
Publication - Bridging the Knowledge Divide: Educational Technology for Development 2007
Member Editorial Board - The Open Education - Bentham Science Publishers, Ltd. 2007
Sage publications - 2008 - present
Alberta Journal of Educational Research 2005 - present
CATE – CSSE conference proposals 2005 - present
Canadian Journal of Education 2003 – present
Canadian Journal of Higher Education 2003 – present
Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology 2005 - present
eGallery – 2002 to present
Interchange 2004 - present
Journal for Educational Thought - 2002 to present
International Electronic journal for Leadership in Learning – 2002 – present
2nd International Lifelong Learning Conference
Technology, Pedagogy and Education 2005 - present
SSHRC Grant Proposals 2007 - present
Geography 695.09 Proposal Development Projects – November 2002
Alberta representative - Inukshuk Wireless Learning Plan - 2006 - 2010. One of four representatives to National funding organization
Mentor – 2011 UNITAR Afghan fellows program
Founder - jiFUNzeni.com
Team of colleagues developing solutions for problems of access and opportunity in challenging contexts
November 2010. Visiting professor - Cambridge University - Faculty of Education and Commonwealth Centre of Education (http://www.educ.cam.ac.uk/centres/cce/). Invited to share expertise with
Aga Khan University IED – Tanzania – Zanzibar Round Table and ICT consulting July 2008 – present
Royal University of Bhutan – 2009 – ICT Enhanced Instruction and eLearning
Universidad Catholica del Maula, Chile - ICT for Improved Pedagogy – June 2008
Strengthening Capacity for Basic Education in Western China - Joint project with PR China, Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), University of Alberta, Athabasca University, & Alberta Learning. Approximately 300 days of work from 2003 – present
Improving Basic Education in Underdeveloped Areas through ICT. Developed under TA 3958-PRC – Asian Development Bank (ADB). Approximately 70 days of work from May 2005 – August 2006
Consulting – Aga Khan University – Karachi, Pakistan. Blending learning consultant. June 2011 – present
Consulting - Aga Khan University - Karachi and Dar es Salaam - specific contact Azra Naseem and Naureen Madhani (ICT for enhanced teaching, research, and professional development). 2008 - present
Consulting - Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta - specific contact Norm Vaughan (ICT and teacher education and ePortfolio). 2002 - present
Consulting - Calgary Board of Education - specific contact Brant Parker, Karen Pegler, and Duncan White (ICT, professional development and leadership). 2002 - present
Consulting - Calgary Catholic School District - specific contact Barb Brown (ICT, professional development and leadership). 2004 - present
Member Innovations Steering Committee - Bell eLearning Centre / Chinook's Edge School District - 2009 - present
Volunteer for eLearning consultancy - CAWST - Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation (http://www.cawst.org/
) 2008 – present
Critiqued Canadian Avalanche Associations’ plans for learning management system, consulted on options, and helped develop proposal for funding for national avalanche awareness training and certification
Educational Advisory Council – Mustard Seed Street Mission – Calgary 2003 - present
Volunteer Habit for Humanity – Woman Build Project Summer 2002
Learning Disabilities Association of Alberta (LDAACC) – Calgary Chapter – Board Member 2003 - 2005
Volunteer for Davis Cup Tennis - Calgary, Alberta Winter 2007
Fellow – Centre for Commonwealth Education – University of Cambridge
International Institute for Qualitative Methodology - Qualitative Methodology's Member Scholar Review Committee - 2009 - present
Apple Distinguished Educator - 2008 - present
Canadian Society for the Study of Education (CSSE) 2004 – present
Canadian Association of Distance Education (CADE) 2004 – 2005
Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education / society for Information Technology 2002 -2005
American Educational Research Association (AERA) 2002 - present
Alberta Distance Education and Training Association (ADETA) 2002 – 2010
British Columbia Computer Users Consortium (BC4) – 1998 – 2004
Canadian Federation of University Women – 2002 – 2004
Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility (CPSR) 2002 – present
Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) 2002 – 2003
Alberta Teachers’ Association Computer Council (ATACC) 2002-2003
Last reviewed
2/10/2012 8:36:39 AM